Las pipas del Salar de Atacama: Reevaluando su origen y uso
Keywords:
Pipas cerámicas, alucinógenos, sahumerio, análisis de residuos, análisis de pastas, Ceramic pipes, hallucinogens, incense burners, residue analysis, paste analysis.Abstract
Este artículo presenta un catastro de las pipas cerámicas provenientes de sitios arqueológicos del salar de Atacama (SA) y describe sus atributos morfológicos, la composición química elemental de las pastas y la composición química de sus residuos de combustión. Las pipas presentan una forma distintiva del SA: la boquilla con labio evertido y el hornillo con motivos zoo-antropomorfos abstractos. Las pastas presentan atributos de origen local y sus residuos ausencia de triptaminas y nicotina en niveles traza, sumado a una variedad de compuestos genéricos de origen vegetal y animal. Estos atributos sugieren una finalidad distinta del consumo de compuestos psicotrópicos y permite hipotetizar que las pipas del SA fueron utilizadas para sahumar. Los resultados se comparan exploratoriamente con aquellos publicados sobre pipas del Noroeste de Argentina.
Abstract
This article provides a survey of ceramic pipes from archaeological sites near the salar de Atacama and describes their morphological attributes, paste elemental composition and combustion residue composition. Pipes exhibit a shape distinctive of the SA: pipe stems with everted lips and bowls with abstract zoo- or anthropomorphic motifs. The pastes present attributes of local origin and the residues lack of tryptamines and traces of nicotine and a variety of generic compounds of plant and animal origin. These results suggest that consumption of hallucinogens was not the primary use of the pipes; this allows hypothesizing that they may have been used as incense burners. An exploratory comparison of the results with those of pipes from Northwestern Argentina is presented
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