Las sociedades Formativas de San Pedro de Atacama: Asentamiento, cronología y proceso
Keywords:
San Pedro de Atacama, Período Formativo, arqueología de asentamiento, Chile, Andes del Sur, Formative Period, settlement archaeology, South Central Andes.Abstract
Se analizan críticamente las aproximaciones que tradicionalmente han explicado el origen y desarrollo de las sociedades formativas en los oasis de San Pedro de Atacama, al mismo tiempo que se evalúa el proceso formativo local a partir del eje que abarcan estos oasis junto a Calar y Puripica, siguiendo el curso del río Vilama. Se propone una explicación para comprender las sociedades formativas de la Puna Salada y su consecuente articulación al tráfico interno y externo de bienes que habría caracterizado a su complejidad social posterior. Para esto, establecemos un orden secuencial de las ocupaciones formativas, sus fechados absolutos y determinamos su naturaleza e incorporación a las prácticas caravaneras propias de los oasis de San Pedro.
Abstract
This paper critically analyses the traditional approaches for explaining the origins and development of Formative Period societies in the San Pedro de Atacama oasis. We evaluate the local formative process in the axes of the oases with Calar and Puripica, following the course of the Vilama River. We then propose an explanation that allows us to understand the Formative societies of the Puna Salada as well as their articulation to the intra- and inter- regional traffic of goods, which characterized the development of these societies' social complexity in the following periods. To build this model we establish a sequence for the Formative Period occupations, their absolute dates, and determine their nature as well as their incorporation into the caravan practices typical of San Pedro de Atacama.
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