¡Caiatunar, caiatunar!: Pervivencia de ritos de fertilidad prehispánica en la clandestinidad del Loa (norte de Chile)
Keywords:
Rituales prehispánicos, fertilidad, extirpación de idolatrías, río Loa Superior, Prehispanic rituals, fertility, extirpation of idolatry, Upper Loa river.Abstract
La identificación de un manuscrito del siglo XVII que contiene declaraciones sobre procesos de extirpación de idolatrías en los pueblos de Lasana, Caspana y Ayquina, en el río Loa Medio y Superior (Subárea Circumpuneña, II región, Chile), ha permitido analizar algunos ritos agrarios que se consideran de origen prehispánico. Un examen interdisciplinario arqueológico, etnohistórico y etnográfico ha valorado un conjunto de íconos zoomorfos de trascendencia regional, vinculados con buenos augurios para la fertilidad y reproducción de las cosechas. Independientemente de la yuxtaposición de las doctrinas andinas y cristianas promovidas por la evangelización del siglo XVI, la mayor complejidad y arraigamiento de la ritualidad prehispánica habría sostenido en los Andes Meridionales un recurso ideológico orientado a cohesionar el ethos local afectado por el proyecto colonial.
Abstract
A manuscript from the 17th century related to the extirpation of idolatry in the villages of Lasana, Caspana and Ayquina, located in de Upper Loa river (Circumpuna subarea), was found and analyzed. In this text some agrarian rituals of prehispanic origin were identified, and studied from an interdisciplinary perspective that considers archaeological, ethnohistoric and ethnographic approaches. Zoomorphic icons with a regional distribution, symbols of good augury for fertility and a successful harvest, were identified. Independent of the juxtaposition of Andean and Christian doctrines as a result of 16th century evangelization, the complexity and persistence of prehispanic rituals helped in the cohesion of a local ethos threatened by the colonial project.
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