El estilo circumpuneño en el arte de la parafernalia alucinógena prehispánica (Atacama y Noroeste Argentino)
Abstract
Este trabajo se basa en el análisis estilístico y contextual de diferentes elementos de la parafernalia alucinatoria proveniente de contextos funerarios del área circumpuneña, considerando una amplia muestra arqueológica y bibliográfica. Basado en ello, se define al estilo Circumpuneño, el cual habría tenido carácter macro regional debido a su extenso campo de dispersión (en Chile: costa de Atacama, cuenca del río Loa y salar de Atacama; en el noroeste de Argentina: quebrada de Humahuaca y la Puna de Jujuy). Se trata de un estilo distinto al de Tiawanaku, tanto en términos formales como temporales; en este trabajo se definen los rasgos que permiten considerarlo como un estilo aparte, poseedor de una profunda raigambre circumpuneña propia, aunque inspirada en conceptos altiplánicos, tales como la decapitación de individuos sacrificados en el marco de un rito con características chamánicas.
Palabras claves: complejo alucinógeno - área circumpuneña - desierto de Atacama - iconografía prehispánica - rito chamánico - sacrificio humano.
Abstract
This work is based on a stylistic and contextual analysis of hallucinogenic paraphernalia from funerary contexts in the circumPuna area. By considering a broad ranging archaeological sample and a thorough literature review, a circum-Puna style is defined that has a macro-regional character due to its wide field of dispersion (in Chile: Atacama coast, Loa River basin, and Salar de Atacama; in northwestern Argentina: Quebrada de Humahuaca and the Puna of Jujuy). This style is distinct from that of Tiawanaku both in its formal elements as well as its temporal placement. Here I define those features which classify this circum-Puna pattern as a separate style. These characteristics are those that possess a deep rooted relationship with the circum-Puna, although there is evidence of altiplano-inspired concepts such as the decapitation of individuals who appear to be sacrificed in the framework of a shamanic ritual.
Key words: Snuffing Complex - Circum-Puna area - Atacama Desert - Prehispanic Iconography - Shamanic ritual - human sacrifice.
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